复制基本原理

image-20210703162224667

MySQL复制过程分为三步：

  • Master将变更记录到二进制日志(Binary Log)。这些记录过程叫做二进制日志事件，Binary Log Events；
  • Slave将Master的Binary Log Events拷贝到它的中继日志(Replay Log);
  • Slave重做中继日志中的事件，将变更应用到自己的数据库中。MySQL复制是异步且串行化的。

复制基本原则

  • 每个Slave只有一个Master。
  • 每个Slave只能有一个唯一的服务器ID。
  • 每个Master可以有多个Salve。

一主一从配置

1、基本要求：Master和Slave的MySQL服务器版本一致且后台以服务运行。

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# 创建mysql-slave1实例
docker run -p 3307:3306 --name mysql-slave1 \
-v /root/mysql-slave1/log:/var/log/mysql \
-v /root/mysql-slave1/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /root/mysql-slave1/conf:/etc/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=333 \
-d mysql:5.7

2、主从配置都是配在[mysqld]节点下，都是小写

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# Master配置
[mysqld]
server-id=1 # 必须
log-bin=/var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin # 必须
read-only=0
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
# Slave配置
[mysqld]
server-id=2 # 必须
log-bin=/var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin

3、Master配置

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# 1、创建用户（mysql8.0以前的版本可以使用grant在授权的时候隐式的创建用户，8.0以后已经不支持，所以必须先创建用户，然后再授权）
mysql> CREATE USER 'zhangsan'@'172.18.0.3' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

# 2、授权，GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'username'@'从机IP地址' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'zhangsan'@'172.18.0.3' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

# 3、刷新命令
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 4、记录下File和Position
# 每次配从机的时候都要SHOW MASTER STATUS;查看最新的File和Position
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      602 |              | mysql            |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4、Slave从机配置

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CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.18.0.4',
MASTER_USER='zhangsan',
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.File的编号',
MASTER_LOG_POS=Position的最新值;
# 1、使用用户名密码登录进Master
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.18.0.4',
    -> MASTER_USER='zhangsan',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=602;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)

# 2、开启Slave从机的复制
mysql> START SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 3、查看Slave状态
# Slave_IO_Running 和 Slave_SQL_Running 必须同时为Yes 说明主从复制配置成功！
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event # Slave待命状态
                  Master_Host: 172.18.0.4
                  Master_User: zhangsan
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 602
               Relay_Log_File: b030ad25d5fe-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes  
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 602
              Relay_Log_Space: 534
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: bd047557-b20c-11ea-9961-0242ac120002
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5、测试主从复制

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# Master创建数据库
mysql> create database test_replication;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

# Slave查询数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test_replication   |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6、停止主从复制功能

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# 1、停止Slave
mysql> STOP SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 2、重新配置主从
# MASTER_LOG_FILE 和 MASTER_LOG_POS一定要根据最新的数据来配
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.18.0.4',
    -> MASTER_USER='zhangsan',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=797;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

mysql> START SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.18.0.4
                  Master_User: zhangsan
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 797
               Relay_Log_File: b030ad25d5fe-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 797
              Relay_Log_Space: 534
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: bd047557-b20c-11ea-9961-0242ac120002
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)